What you will learn: • the Beer–Lambert law and its physical meaning • calibration curves and quantitative analysis • analysis of mixtures • interpretation of spectra and experimental results • common pitfalls in spectrophotometric problems Practice (a central component of the course): • test after video lessons • a very large number of independent problem-solving tasks • problems of high and olympiad-level difficulty • tasks where small mistakes lead to incorrect conclusions, emphasizing precision and reasoning 📌 By the end of the course, you will be able to confidently solve advanced spectrophotometry problems and clearly explain your reasoning

What you will learn: • the Beer–Lambert law and its physical meaning • calibration curves and quantitative analysis • analysis of mixtures • interpretation of spectra and experimental results • common pitfalls in spectrophotometric problems Practice (a central component of the course): • test after video lessons • a very large number of independent problem-solving tasks • problems of high and olympiad-level difficulty • tasks where small mistakes lead to incorrect conclusions, emphasizing precision and reasoning 📌 By the end of the course, you will be able to confidently solve advanced spectrophotometry problems and clearly explain your reasoning

What the course covers: • the physical meaning of adsorption • surface phenomena and adsorption equilibria • Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms • derivation and interpretation of equations • linear and non-linear forms of adsorption models • analysis of experimental data and graphs Practice (a major focus of the course): • test after video lessons • a very large set of independent problem-solving tasks • problems of high and olympiad-level difficulty • tasks that require deep conceptual understanding, not memorization 📌 This course cannot be completed passively — it demands focus and rewards true understanding

What you will learn: • the physical and chemical principles of extraction • distribution coefficients and equilibrium • acid–base extraction strategies • solvent selection and separation logic • how to approach both standard and non-standard problems Practice (core part of the course): • test after video lessons to reinforce concepts • a large number of independent problem-solving tasks • problems of high and olympiad-level difficulty • questions that require building a solution from first principles 📌 This is not a passive course — it is built for deep mastery of extraction